Understanding Hezbollah and Iran's Militias in the Middle East Conflict

Mar 2, 2026

90 min

Mar 2, 2026 15:30

Who are Hezbollah and Iran’s militias who joined war — and how strong are they? Here’s all you need to know

## Key Players in the Conflict

The ongoing conflict involving Iran and US-Israeli forces has seen the involvement of several Iran-backed militias across the Middle East. These groups, often referred to as Tehran’s "proxies," have opened new fronts in the region, notably in Lebanon and Iraq. While they are supported by Iran, each group operates with its own leadership and objectives.

## Hezbollah's Role and Challenges

Hezbollah, Iran’s most significant ally in the region, was established in the 1980s with the help of Iran’s Revolutionary Guards. Initially a guerrilla force, it has evolved into a powerful entity with political, military, and social influence in Lebanon. Despite recent setbacks, including Israeli airstrikes that have weakened its infrastructure, Hezbollah remains a formidable force capable of escalating the conflict.

## The Houthis' Strategic Importance

In Yemen, the Houthi movement, also known as Ansar Allah, plays a crucial role in Iran's "Axis of Resistance." They control significant territory in northern Yemen and have developed advanced military capabilities, including long-range drones and ballistic missiles. Their actions during the Gaza war, such as targeting shipping lanes, highlight their strategic importance in the region.

## Iraqi Shiite Militias' Involvement

Several militias in Iraq, aligned with Iran, have joined the conflict, primarily targeting US forces. Operating under Iraq’s Popular Mobilization Forces, these groups use tactics like short-range rocket attacks and armed drones to exert strategic pressure rather than seeking outright military victory.

## The 'Axis of Resistance'

Iran has cultivated a network of allied groups across the Middle East, known as the "Axis of Resistance." This network allows Iran to apply pressure on multiple fronts, complicating the regional conflict and increasing instability. While these militias are unlikely to defeat state militaries, their collective actions can escalate the situation, potentially leading to broader regional and global consequences.

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